1990;345:622C5. development of a successful HIV vaccine. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome, cell mediated immunity, human immunodeficiency computer virus vaccine INTRODUCTION Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first reported in 1981, by Gottlieb em et al /em ., at University of California Medical Center.[1] In 1983, Barr-Sinoussiand Montagnier, isolated a new human T-lymphotropic retrovirus, later named as human immunodeficiency computer virus type 1 (HIV-1) which turned out to be one of the causative brokers of AIDS. HIV/AIDS is one of the most important and preventable causes of morbidity, disability, mortality, and associated productivity loss and medical care cost, especially in the world’s poorest countries.[2] Vaccines are a confirmed cost-effective tool in fighting infectious diseases such as polio, smallpox, hepatitis B, yellow fever and a number of childhood illnesses. A safe, effective and accessible HIV vaccine would be the most economic among the various prevention strategies directed against the spread of HIV contamination. In a number of modeling exercises, analysts have suggested that even a vaccine that is only partially effective could decisively lower the rate of new Isosorbide Mononitrate infections, thereby controlling the HIV Isosorbide Mononitrate epidemic. In the global effort to develop an HIV vaccine, more than 50 vaccine candidates are Isosorbide Mononitrate currently being studied in trials in 19 developed and developing countries and majority of them are in early stages of clinical trials. We have a long-way to go before a vaccine is usually identified, that is ready for large-scale production and distribution. When it is ready for large scale production, a successful HIV vaccine will probably have Rabbit Polyclonal to RPL39 a demand more challenging than that of vaccines against childhood illnesses. Unlike most existing vaccines that are aimed at children on a universal basis, an HIV vaccine may be most appropriate for adolescents and adults, and from a public health perspective is likely to have the largest epidemiological impact when targeted at groups with the highest risk of getting infection, such as sex workers and intravenous drug users. REVIEW Though anti-retroviral drugs could reduce the mortality of HIV-infected individuals, the high price and side effects of the current therapeutic drugs have not been beneficial for most AIDS patients. It is generally accepted that the development of a low priced and effective prophylactic AIDS vaccine is the only answer to stop the global pandemic. Prophylactic vaccines Prophylactic vaccine can broadly be classified into four major groups: Recombinant subunit proteins; synthetic peptides; recombinant viral vectors; and DNA vaccines. In 1987, first time phase I trial of an HIV vaccine was conducted in USA. The vaccine consisted of an envelope protein, glycoprotein (gpl60), derived from the genetic material of HIV and produced in a Baculovirus -insect cell system. Although no significant toxic side effects have been known to occur at the doses tested, this vaccine was tested on only few participants. And the degree of protection conferred can only be assessed by a randomized trial.[3] In 1989, the hopes for an HIV vaccine soared with the trial of a highly effective formalin-inactivated whole simian immune deficiency computer virus (SIV) vaccine which was known to confer protection in macaques with AIDS. This strategy was based on that this simian model for AIDS, which takes advantage of the similarities in.