When the neighborhood degrees of ROS are increasing, they trigger considerable cellular harm and generate other even more reactive radicals [35]. root mechanisms of actions through and research. We examined the crystals amounts in serum and urine, and xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition activity in the serum and liver tissue of a hyperuricemic rat model of potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemic rats. In vitro study, XOD-inhibitory activity was the lowest among the test substances at the IC50 of ALP. However, the IC50 of DMLE-70 was significantly low compared with that of other DMLEs ( 0.05). In PO-induced hyperuricemic rats, uric acid (UA) levels in serum and urine were significantly reduced in all DMLE-70 and allopurinol-treated (ALT) groups than in the PC group ( 0.05). UA levels AT 56 in urine were lower than those in serum in all DME groups. In PO-induced hyperuricemic rats, DMEE-200 reduced UA concentration in serum and increased UA excretion in the urine. These findings suggest that DMLE exerts antihyperuricemic and uricosuric effects on promoting UA excretion by enhanced secretion and inhibition of UA reabsorption in the kidneys. Thus, DMLE may be a potential treatment for hyperuricemia and gout. 1. Introduction Hyperuricemia means elevated uric acid (UA) level (more than 6.8?mg/dL) in the blood [1]. The disease is usually associated with a significantly increased risk of gout, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus [2]. Serum UA (SUA) is the final product of purine metabolism [3]. Approximately two-thirds of SUA is usually produced from internal metabolic processes, and the rest is due to a high-purine diet [4]. Approximately 60%C70% of UA from the body is usually excreted through the kidneys, and the remaining is usually secreted in biliary secretions and the intestine. It is then further metabolized by gut bacteria in uricolysis [5]. Abnormal UA metabolism and decreased excretion by the kidneys are among the major causes of hyperuricemia [6]. Globally, hyperuricemia prevalence appears to be increasing as it is usually diagnosed in 5%C30% of the AT 56 general populace [7, 8]. It is also higher in men living in developed countries than women [9]. In the United States, the hyperuricemia prevalence rates are 20.2% in men and 20.0% in women [10]. In the Chinese rural population, the total estimated prevalence of hyperuricemia is usually 10.24% (12.80% in men and 8.56% in women) [11]. In the general Korean populace, the age-standardized prevalence of hyperuricemia is usually 11.4% (17.0% in men and 5.9% in women) [12]. The progressive increase of hyperuricemia worldwide may AT 56 be linked to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity and increased consumption of sugar-sweetened AT 56 beverages, foods rich in purines, and alcohol [13]. As AT 56 hyperuricemia results from increased production and decreased excretion, or both, of UA [14], it is crucial to prevent and treat the disorder to regulate the SUA level. UA is usually produced by xanthine oxidase (XOD), a rate-limiting enzyme that oxidizes hypoxanthine to xanthine, which is usually subsequently converted to UA [15]. Hence, SUA synthesis and concentration can be affected by XOD enzymatic activity [16]. Therefore, proteins involved in UA production and transport in the kidney may act as important drug targets for treating hyperuricemia. XOD inhibitors (allopurinol (ALP) and febuxostat) and uricosuric brokers (benzbromarone and probenecid) are presently used [17] to clinically treat hyperuricemia. However, these drugs are poorly tolerated and cause side effects, such as kidney diseases, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal symptoms, and hypersensitivity syndrome [18]. Therefore, more effective therapeutic brokers for hyperuricemia with no adverse effects are needed. In previous studies, new therapeutic methods using herbs were offered to overcome these limitations of drugs for hyperuricemia [19]. H. Lv. (DM) is an evergreen broad-leaved tree of the family and is well known as a panacea and wild ginseng tree [9]. DM is an endemic species in Korea and is distributed in the country’s southern regions [20]. In previous studies, extracts from roots and stems of DM have antioxidant [21], antibacterial [20], anticancer [22], antidiabetic [23], antiobesitic [9], antihyperglycemic [24], and antiatherogenic [25] properties. DM contains various bioactive compounds, such as triterpenoids, polyacetylene, phenolic substances, L-arginine, and is the absorbance of the control reacted with methanol (50?is the absorbance of the samples. The sample concentration required for inhibiting 50% DPPH radicals (IC50 DPPH values) was obtained by extrapolating the regression analysis. Antioxidant activity was evaluated based on this IC50 value. 2.4. Measurement of Reactive Oxygen C1qtnf5 Species (ROS) Production The acute myelogenous leukemia cell collection.